The formative pruning of newly planted one-year-old trees to create forms such as espaliers, fans, cordons, bushes, half standards and standards.

Regular maintenance pruning to ensure the trees are kept to their desired shape as well as to keep the canopy open to allow plenty of light and air to pass through, ensuring good ripening of the fruit and to help prevent a build-up of diseases.

Renovation pruning of neglected or badly pruned trees. This requires a ‘slow and steady’ approach over a period of three to five years, removing a small percentage of the canopy each time. This process treats older trees gently and encourages new healthy growth, larger, sweeter and longer lasting fruit and allows sunlight and the free flow of air to pass through the canopy.